Secondary Schools Re-organisation Meeting 9/11/07  Longton CLC – 3.00pm

Rob Flello MP, Mark Fisher MP and Joan Walley MP invited Head teachers and Governors to Longton CLC to discuss the current proposals from Serco regarding the re-organisation of Secondary schools in Stoke-on-Trent. Joan had intended to be present but unfortunately was delayed beyond the meeting time. Rob & Mark opened the meeting with a summary of the current situation, the main point being that Serco had reported to government that all Head teachers had signed up to the proposals  - this being untrue.

A copy of “alternative proposals” had been circulated and as Rob commented it mainly covered the South of Stoke, purely because this was the area he and Mark knew most about. The main points of the document relate to the entire city – focusing on “Keep Education Local”.

An open debate followed where questions were asked and points made, an interesting comment Serco has already mentioned that a further two additional new schools would be needed by 2018.

Rob & Mark suggested that a complete alternative proposal be presented to everyone in the City, signed, and then presented to Jim Knight (Minister of State for Schools and Learners). Thus the views of local people would be conveyed.

A timetable of preparation was discussed and agreed as follows:

Rob & Mark stressed that Joan was fully supportive of these actions.

The meeting closed at 5.15pm


Keeping Education Local


Alternative Proposals for Building Schools for the Future
Stoke-on-Trent


from
Rob Flello, M.P., Stoke South
Mark Fisher, M.P., Stoke Central
Joan Walley, M.P., Stoke North

October 2007


  1.

Stoke on Trent has been given the chance to dramatically improve the infrastructure of our schools through the provision of £200 million under the Building Schools for the Future ("BSF") programme.
  2. 

This money can be used to rebuild and/or refurbish the secondary schools across the city. However, it is accepted that there is a decline in the numbers of pupils across the city which needs to be reflected in the number of schools. However, the figures used by SERCO in their proposals do not reflect Office of National Statistics ("ONS") projections of pupil numbers based on above-average birth rates in the city (See Appendix One). Consequently instead of the number of pupils going into secondary education according to SERCO being 12,000, ONS estimate that there will be around 13,000 pupils in 2015. As this is an estimate, it would be prudent to assume a 10% margin of error and therefore the schools should look to accommodate 14,300 pupils.
  3.

SERCO has then assumed that a school should take around 1,000 pupils as being at the lower end of the optimum scale for school size. Again this is disputed based on evidence (Appendix Two) that shows there is no "one-size-fits-all" optimum size. Indeed locally there are examples of very good smaller schools and very good larger schools and the reverse. It is therefore proposed that schools that are being refurbished are allowed to maintain their existing size with the option of organic growth in future in line with Government's proposals to allow good schools to expand as local demand requires.
  4.

It is noted that SERCO plan to abolish catchment areas which therefore contradicts the view they previously put forward that schools should not be too close to each other, such as Longton and Sandon High Schools. Our view is that catchment areas should be disregarded, but that this then enables schools to be located nearest to local communities showing greatest educational, health, and social deprivation (Appendix Three).
  5.

Aside from addressing the factors around deprivation, placing schools nearer to the communities they are to serve also addresses the issues relating to transport which are unique to Stoke on Trent. There is both an absence of wide-spread travelling within the city and indeed a transport infrastructure that serves to hamper cross-city travelling with a non-centric geography. Furthermore it is against both national and indeed local authority recommendations for pupils to travel distances to school, particularly when there are not safe routes to school (Appendix Four).
  6.

Good practice already exists whereby schools share both building resources and teaching staff. It is proposed to build further on this good work with partnership working between schools and developing a more collegiate approach. For example, teachers could be shared across two or more schools, for example a History Teacher might work two days at School A, two days at School B, and one day at School C. Schools could share sports facilities and make use of specialist enterprise classrooms.
  7.

The Alternative Proposal in more detail:

a)
St. Joseph's College. It is proposed to retain this school on its existing site without closure. The school will work collaboratively with Trentham High to share teaching and sports facilities.

b) Trentham High School. This school will be refurbished and continue to serve the Trentham and Hanford communities working in partnership with St. Joseph's College to share resources.

c)
Blurton High School. This school will be rebuilt adjacent to the existing school at that site.

d) Edensor High School. It is agreed that the site is unsuitable for rebuilding upon and will therefore close. It is envisaged that pupils will attend either the new Blurton High, St. Thomas More, or the new school sited near to the old Longton High school.

e) St. Thomas More School. This school will remain largely unaffected and will be allowed to grow organically in future in line with Government policies. The school would not be forced to take pupils not wishing to sign up to the Catholic Ethos of the school.

f)
Kemball Special School. This school should remain unchanged with some refurbishment as appropriate.

g) Longton High School. The existing school will close and a new school should be built on the far-end playing fields with a new access being opened up to the site in addition to the Box Lane access. In the absence of catchment areas there is not an issue ;  regarding the proximity of Sandon High.

h) Sandon High School. This school would be largely unaffected by the proposals and would continue to move to its new building later this year.

i) Birches Head.

j) Berry Hill.

k) Brownhills.

l)
Haywood.

m)
Holden Lane.

n) James Brindley.

o) Mitchell.

p) Thistley Hough.

q) St. Margaret Ward.

r) St. Peter's High.

s) Aynsley Special School.

t) Heathfield Special School.

u) Abbey Hill School.

v) Middlehurst Special School.
  8.

Under these arrangements there will be no need to close schools that are being rebuilt or closed permanently thereby retaining any Specialist Status they have and allaying concerns staff have.
  9.

We believe these alternative proposals take into account the specific issues relating to deprivation, transport infrastructure, and the needs of the local community.

Appendix One - Pupil Numbers

The number of live births recorded to women resident in Stoke-on-Trent increased from a relatively stable 2,900 births per year between 1998 and 2002, to 3,300 in 2005. This increase has mirrored rises experienced both regionally and nationally over the 2002 to 2005 period.

The following section demonstrates how, on all measures of births and fertility, Stoke-on-Trent has significantly higher rates than both regional and national averages.

Crude Birth rates
Crude Fertility Rate 1982-2005
Crude Fertility Rate 1982-2005
Definition - The Crude Fertility Rate is expressed as the number of live births per 1,000 resident population.
Source: Office for National Statistics

The table below shows the number of live births in Stoke-on-Trent Unitary Authority from 1998 to 2005. The number of births in the area were on the decrease in the late 1990s but picked up from 2002, as reflected in the total fertility rate (average number of children per woman).

Live births (numbers/rates) in Stoke-on-Trent Unitary Authority 1998-2005




Live births
TFR



1998 2,894 1.61
1999 2,883 1.66
2000 2,810 1.65
2001 2,741 1.63
2002 2,873 1.75
2003 2,963 1.83
2004 3,244 2.02
2005 3,312 2.05



Source: ONS, Key population and vital statistics 2005, VS32 PP1 28
Note: Average number of children per woman if current age-specific fertility rates persist throughout her childbearing life



Appendix Two - School size proposals

It is suggested that there will be only around 12,000 pupils in the city's secondary schools by 2010. While these figures are conjecture based on projections of existing primary pupil numbers, for the purposes of this proposal these pupil numbers are, without prejudice, used.

Based on the findings of the Lancaster University Management School systematic review of secondary school size, the following conclusions have been drawn about school size:

  • There is a scarcity of relevant studies looking at the impact of school size on attainment;
  • There is no statistically significant association between school size and achievement;
  • There is a negative association between students' feelings of engagement, connectedness and participation, and increased school size;
  • Teachers in smaller schools tend to have more positive perceptions of their abilities to control their classrooms; and
  • Overall the relationships in determining positive attainment are far more complex than simply school size.
SERCO proposals suggest schools around 1,000 pupils based on maximising the ratio between cost and benefit, but the alternative view put forward in this document builds on existing good practice around cooperative working.

Evidence taken from Head Teachers indicates that SERCO has not properly taken into account existing pupil numbers. Also, its assumptions around optimum school size are contested.

Attached is a table that shows the headline 5+ grades A*-C measure for GCSE performance. The final two tables give the top and bottom 50 secondary schools for CVA scores.

The results are given as a central score alongside a confidence interval. This reflects the uncertainty in estimates that adjust for a wide range of factors. Our statistical literacy guide on confidence intervals and significance gives some guidance on how to interpret these figures:

School size and performance
I have plotted the two indicators used above against the number of pupils on roll for all maintained schools. The visual results are given in the charts below. On their own they are very limited at judging degrees of correlation. Regression statistics tell us much more. The chart on headline performance suggest a general positive relationship (better scores for larger schools) but with a great deal of variation. The regression results confirm this; there is a positive relationship (on average a school with 100 more pupils has a better score by 1.1 percentage points). However, differences in school size explain a very small amount of the variation in GCSE scores (5%). This is illustrated by the wide range of results. School size is thus a very poor predictor of GCSE score. Any relationship between the variables is an association, most likely due to links between school size and other variables, and should not be viewed as causal (either size to score or score to size).

This is supported by the results for CVA score and size. There is no association, positive or negative and school size explains less than 1% of the variation in CVA score. There is no association. The most likely explanation is that any (weak) association between size and headline GSCE results was related to other factors that vary with school size (such as deprivation). As such factors are adjusted for in CVA scores this weak association vanishes. Thus school size is an indicator (a rather poor one) rather than a causal factor in headline GCSE scores and has no connection with pupil progress as measured in CVA.

Scatter graph 1

Scatter graph 2


Maintained schools in England with 100% of Key Stage 4 pupils achieving 5+ GCSEs or equivalent at A*-C 2005/06
School Pupils on roll
Queen Elizabeth's School, Barnet
Bexley Grammar School
Townley Grammar School for Girls
Newstead Wood School for Girls
St Olave's and St Saviour's Grammar School
The Tiffin Girls' School
Tiffin School
Button Grammar School for Boys
Wilson's School 
King Edward VI Camp Hill School for Boys
King Edward VI Camp Hill School for Girls
Sutton Coldfield Grammar School for Girls
Wolverhampton Girls' High School
Altrincham Grammar School for Girls
Loreto Grammar School
Heckmondwike Grammar School
St Thomas More Catholic School
Ermysted's Grammar School  
Skipton Girls' High School 
Aylesbury High School
Beaconsfield High School 
Dr Challoner's High School
Royal Latin School
Wycombe High School
Bournemouth School
Bournemouth School for Girls
South Wilts Grammar School for Girls
Kendrick Girls' Grammar School
Reading School   
Colyton Grammar School
Chelmsford County High School for Girls
Colchester County High School for Girls
Southend High School for Girls
Dartford Grammar School
Highsted Grammar School
The Judd School
Bacup and Rawtenstall Grammar School
Clitheroe Royal Grammar School
Lancaster Girls' Grammar School  
Lancaster Royal Grammar School 
Adams' Grammar School  
Newport Girls' High School
Thomas Telford School
Queen Elizabeth Grammar School
Pate's Grammar School
Ribston Hall High School
Sir Thomas Rich's School  
Stroud High School
Caistor Grammar School
Carre's Grammar School   
Kesteven and Sleaford High School
The Priory LSST
Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School 
Brooke Weston CTC
King Edward VI School
Rugby High School
Stratford-upon-Avon Grammar School for Girls A Specialist Language College
Source: DfES
1,141
1,484
1,395
971
913
884
1,060
821
967
699
864
1,013
739
1,166
966
1,154
1,466
673
723
1,260
1,068
1,077
1,221
1,391
1,049
1,124
932
690
866
784
862
757
995
1,222
832
917
1,281
1,247
890
784
1,003
323
1,165
803
949
733
828
895
627
735
809
1,654
538
1,155
487
733
574
   

Maintained schools in England with the lowest % of Key Stage 4 pupils achieving 5+ GCSEs or equivalent at A*-C 2005/06
School Score Pupils on roll
Bishops Park College
Oldborough Manor Community School

Oak Farm Community School
City of Leeds School
Kings Grove School
Temple School
Weavers School
Cheltenham Kingsmead
The Mablethorpe Tennyson High School
The Ridings School
Sir Frank Markham Community School
Eastbourne Comprehensive School
Chaucer School
Birkdale High School
Risedale Sports and Community College
The Queen's School
Hadden Park High School
Belle Vue Girls' School
Rising Brook High Specialist Sports College
The Alfred Barrow School
Ehenside Community School
Hinde House 3-16 School
The Norton School
Headlands
St Thomas Aquinas RC High School
Littlemoss High School for Boys
Speedwell Technology College
South Luton High School
Sinfin Community School
Rossmore Community College
The River Leen School
William Sharp School
Jubilee High School
Darlaston Community Science College
Parklands High School
Bradford Cathedral Community College
The Bishop of Winchester Comprehensive School

St James School
King Harold School
St Peters College
New Brompton College
City of Preston High School
Charles Burrell High School
Pensnett School of Technology
Tividale Community Arts College
Buile Hill High School 
Two Trees Sports College
Park Lane High
The Northfields Technology College
Leon School and Sports College 
da Vinci Community College
Carter Community School
Sunnydale Community College for Maths and Computing
Hillcrest School 
St Joseph's Catholic School
Blacon High School, A Specialist Sports College
The Thorpe Bay School 
Minster College 
Skerton Community High School 
Portland School 
Corby Community College 
Peers School
Bishop Wulstan Catholic School
Source: DfES
  0%
  9%
11%
16%
16%
17%
17%
18%
18%
19%
19%
19%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
21%
21%
21%
21%
22%
22%
22%
23%
23%
23%
23%
23%
23%
23%
23%
23%
24%
24%
24%
24%
24%
24%
24%
24%
24%

24%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
468
403
358

591

677
625
1,060
475
415
659
1,435
743
989
591
550
1,356
855
1,067
509
429
341
1,253
520
828
550
 522
1,010
827
1,046
830
642
674
608
1,118
784
754
586
698
740
698
1,073
459
689
592
1,072
944
708
413
901
795
532
379
579
900
343
576
566
1,591
256
1,654
913
975
324

Maintained schools in England scoring the highest KS2-4 CVA scores 2005/06

School Score Lower confidence interval Upper confidence interval Pupils
on
roll

The Academy of St Francis of Assisi

1,078.7

1,066.9

1,090.6

567

Phoenix High School

1,077.5

1,064.8

1,090.1

707

Moreton Community School

1,071.1

1,057.8

1,084.4

689

Salisbury High School 1,063.3 1,053.6 1,073.0 880
Bartley Green School A Specialist Technology and Sports College 1,062.9 1,053.0 1,072.8 857
Greenwood Dale School 1,061.1 1,051.9 1,070.3 1,209
Madeley Court School

1,059.6

1,046.8 1,072.3 624
Newall Green High School 1,058.7 1,049.4 1,068.1 908
Park Community School 1,057.7 1,047.8 1,067.6 860
All Saints Catholic School and Technology College 1,056.9 1,047.3 1,066.5 1,118
The Ockendon School 1,056.1 1,045.2 1,066.9 780
Bishop Challoner Catholic Collegiate Boys School 1,055.8 1,042.2 1,069.5 487
Hillside High School
1,052.9 1,043.2 1,062.7 832
Notre Dame Catholic College 1,052.3 1,043.4 1,061.3 1,045
Castle Community College 1,052.2 1,037.5

1,066.9

600
BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology 1,051.2 1,039.7 1,062.7 826
Sir John Cass Foundation and Redcoat Church of England Secondary School 1,051.1 1,040.6 1,061.5 1192

Dyke House Comprehensive School

1,050.7 1,040.7 1,060.7 994
Heath Park Business & Enterprise College 1,050.3 1,041.3 1,059.3 1,137
Willowgarth High School 1,049.2 1,038.5 1,060.0 815
Loxford School of Science and Technology 1,048.0 1,039.3 1,056.7 1,499
JFS 1,047.3 1,038.6 1,056.0 1,864
Feversham College 1,046.5 1,033.8 1,059.2 570
Wigmore High School 1,046.2 1,034.2 1,058.1 477
George Dixon International School and Sixth Form Centre 1,046.0 1,033.6 1,058.4 1,106
Blakewater College 1,045.8 1,034.1 1,057.5 530
Cheltenham Kingsmead 1,045.2 1,034.2 1,056.2 475
Morpeth School 1,045.2 1,036.7 1,053.6 1,161
Royal Alexandra and Albert School 1,045.2 1,030.8 1,059.6 642
Bishopsgarth School 1,044.5 1,032.9 1,056.1 543

Middleton Technology School

1,044.2 1,035.5 1,053.0 1053
Greenacre School 1,044.1 1,033.8 1,054.4 910
Frankley Community High School 1,044.1 1,030.4 1,057.9 440
Kenton School 1,043.9 1,036.8 1,050.9 2,010
Fairfield High School 1,043.5 1,034.5 1,052.6 983
Trinity Academy 1,042.9 1,034.4 1,051.4 1,232
Macmillan Academy 1,042.5 1,034.1 1,050.9 1,461
The Ravensbourne School 1,042.3 1,033.6 1,050.9 1,399
Yesodey Hatorah Senior Girls School 1,042.3 1,024.7 1,059.9 231
Wood Green High School College of Sport, Maths and Computing 1,042.0 1,033.8 1,050.1 1,449
Waddesdon Church of England School 1,041.9 1,031.6 1,052.2 964
Hyde Technology School and Hearing Impaired Resource Base 1,041.7 1,032.3 1,051.2 913
Northumberland Park Community School 1,041.5 1,032.0 1,051.0 1,015
St Mary and St Joseph's Catholic School 1,041.3 1,030.7 1,051.8 418
Aston Manor School 1,040.9 1,029.7 1,052.2 738
Dixons City Academy 1,040.9 1,030.9 1,050.9 1,082
Wymondham College 1,040.7 1,029.6 1,051.7 1,026
Ridgeway High School

1,040.5

1,031.0 1,049.9 824
The Leigh City Technology College 1,040.5 1,032.0 1,048.9 1,366
Beechwood School
Source: DfES
1,040.2 1,025.5 1,054.9 577


Maintained schools in England scoring the lowest KS2-4 CVA scores 2005/06
School
Score Lower confidence interval Upper confidence interval Pupils
on
roll
St Damian's RC Science College 963.5 953.3 973.6 789
Oak Farm Community School 963.4 950.3 976.6 358
David Lister School 963.4 955.8 971.1 1,221
Thorncliffe School - A Specialist Sports College 963.3 953.6 973.0 817
Minster College 963.2 957.2 969.2 1,591
Millfield Science and Performing Arts College 963.0 953.7 972.4 819
Maltby Comprehensive School 962.9 955.3 970.4 1,392
City of Leeds School 962.8 949.8 975.8 591
Henry Mellish Comprehensive School 962.7 951.0 974.4 539
St Peters College 962.4 951.4 973.5 698
Pendeford Business and Enterprise College 962.3 950.9 973.7 613
Elgar Technology College 961.8 952.8 970.9 966
Abraham Darby Specialist School for Performing Arts   961.6 953.3 969.9 1,056
Moorside High School 961.1 953.0 969.2 1,153
Fullhurst Community College 961.0 951.5 970.4 922
Perry Beeches School 960.7 950.9 970.5 881
The Ramsey School 960.5 950.5 970.5 771
Newman Catholic School 960.1 948.4 971.8 568
Sherwood Hall School and Sixth Form College 959.9 950.9 968.9 995
South Luton High School 959.8 949.8 969.8 827
Park Hall School 959.5 951.8 967.2 1,427
Bishopsford Community School 959.4 949.0 969.8 1,064
The Rushden Community College Specialising in Mathematics and Computing 959.4 950.0 968.7 1,030
St Peter's High School 959.3 950.1 968.6 934
Sawyers Hall College of Science and Technology 958.9 950.6 967.2 1,277
Brookway High School and Sports College 958.6 948.9 968.3 680
Portway Community School 958.5 948.3 968.6 736
Winifred Holtby School Technology College 958.4 951.4 965.5 1,600
Harlington Community School 958.1 949.5 966.7 1,282
Wyke Manor School 957.8 948.2 967.5 792
North Cumbria Technology College 957.8 945.6 970.0 498
Intake High School Arts College 957.6 949.6 965.5 1,231
Thornaby Community School 957.2 948.3 966.2 805
Kings Grove School 957.1 944.3 970.0 677
Brierton Community School (A Specialist Sports College) 957.1 948.1 966.1 938
Newton-le-Willows Community High School 955.9 945.8 965.9 771
Freebrough Specialist Engineering College 955.4 946.4 964.4 912
Brownhills Community Technology College 954.7 945.7 963.6 1,000
South Leeds High School 954.4 946.3 962.5 1,382
The Morton School 952.4 941.8 963.0 599
Cockshut Hill Technology College 952.4 944.8 959.9 1,478
Quarrendon School 951.9 941.6 962.1 805
Oldborough Manor Community School 951.5 939.4 963.6 403
The Warren Comprehensive School 949.0 940.7 957.4 1,355
Featherstone Technology College 948.9 939.3 958.4 796
Washwood Heath Technology College 943.7 935.3 952.1 1,425
New College Leicester 941.6 933.5 949.7 1,149
St George RC School 934.5 920.6 948.4 595
Birkdale High School 934.0 921.9 946.1 591
Eastbourne Comprehensive School 919.2 908.8 929.5 743

   This proposal recommends schools based on less than 1,000 pupils per site.

Appendix Three - Deprivation Factors

Links between Deprivation and Education
In terms of health and disability deprivation Stoke-on-Trent was ranked as the 12th most deprived local authority district in England (out of 354) and the most deprived in the West Midlands.

43% of the City's population (103,316 persons) lived in areas classified in the 10% most health deprived in England.

27% of the City's population (64,222 persons) lived in areas classified in the 5% most health deprived in England.

Education, Skills and Training Deprivation
In terms of education, skills and training deprivation Stoke-on-Trent was ranked as the 7th most deprived local authority district in England (out of 354) and the second most deprived in the West Midlands behind Sandwell.

34% of the City's population (82,407 persons) lived in areas classified in the 10% most educationally deprived in England.

19% of the City's population (46,606 persons) lived in areas classified in the 5% most deprived in England.

Free School Meals
Pupils not eligible for free school meals perform better than those who are eligible for free school meals in each Key Stage, at GCSE and equivalent and at Post-16 (Source: www.dfes.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000708/SFR04_2007v1.pdf).

27.4% of primary school children in the city were eligible for FSM compared with 18.8% across the West Midlands region and 16.9% across England.

20.1% of secondary school children in the city were eligible for FSM compared with 14.4% across the West Midlands region and 14.3% across England.

Special Educational Needs
Pupils with SEN perform less well than pupils with no identified SEN in each stage of education
(Source: www.dfes.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000708/SFR04_2007v1.pdf).

While secondary school students educated in the city are more likely to have a statement of special educational needs than the regional and national averages, primary school children are less likely to have one.

Both primary and secondary school pupils educated in the city are between 20 and 25% more likely to have some SEN status than both the regional and national averages.

People living in deprived areas are less likely to work, more likely to be poor and have lower life expectancy, more likely to live in poorer housing in unattractive local environments with high levels of antisocial behaviour and lawlessness and more likely to receive poorer education and health services. Living in a deprived area adversely affects individuals' life chances over and above what would be predicted by their personal circumstances and characteristics.

This report makes recommendations to ensure that health, education and transport services are more focused on addressing the needs of deprived areas and to ensure that the existing public service reform agenda is tailored to deliver effectively within deprived areas.

Educational attainment is affected by neighbourhood characteristics. Concentrations of deprivation in an area affect the mix of children in a school; children from low socioeconomic groups tend to benefit from a more mixed school intake.

Poor educational attainment in deprived areas is the result of a range of factors

Deprivation has a significant impact on educational attainment. Underachievement is clustered in deprived areas. It is also made worse in those areas by poor liveability and disorder which add to the pressures faced by parents Concentrations enhance the negative peer influences which reduce aspirations.

There is more that educational services can do to address low attainment of pupils in deprived areas

Some aspects of educational services also contribute to poor attainment.

For instance:
  • there are problems with teacher recruitment and retention in deprived areas -teachers tend to be younger and turnover higher-where skills, including leadership, may need to be even stronger due to the challenging operating environment; and
  • current targets do not focus on raising the attainment of the lowest achieving pupils. This can affect behaviour within schools and the extent to which teaching methods are designed for the needs of more deprived pupils.
Transport plays a key role in helping residents access services

Poor transport provision and the inappropriate location of services can prevent residents of deprived areas accessing services which would help improve outcomes, including employment, health and education.

It also makes an area unpopular to those who can choose to live elsewhere. Problems with transport include difficult physical access, unaffordability and unreliability. Accessibility of services has not been a priority for local transport authorities (LTAs), for Local Strategic Partnerships (LSPs) or for service providers. There has been a lack of a joined-up approach between transport providers, land use planners and service providers in the location and delivery of services.

Increase schools' focus on deprived areas

Many education initiatives currently address the problem of low attainment in deprived areas.
  • Although some services, such as free part-time early education, are universal, others aimed at improving early years provision and support for parenting, for instance Sure Start local programmes and Children's Centres, are particularly focused on deprived areas. Pilots for the extension of the provision of free part-time integrated education and care ('educare') to two-year olds are due to start in 2006.
  • Individual pupil-level attainment targets and new curriculum materials for personalised learning should enable teachers to deal with the needs of lower-achieving pupils
  • London Challenge provides opportunities for schools in London to improve performance, for example enabling schools facing similar problems to share best practice.
Extended schools provide a range of services and activities to help meet the needs of pupils, their families and the wider community, from after-school clubs to health and social care provision. The familiarity and accessibility of school sites mean take-up of services in extended schools is good. If extended schools are to fulfil their potential in deprived areas, then the following issues need to be addressed:
  • the different priorities of agencies working in the same communities;
  • the lack of engagement, in some cases, of extended schools in the implementation of local strategies; and
  • issues of sustainability of projects and the need to co-ordinate multiple funding streams
Source: Improving the prospects of people living in areas of multiple deprivation in England January 2005
http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/upload/assets/www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/strategy/deprived_areas.pdf
Source: Evaluation of the Extended Schools Pathfinder Projects Colleen Cummings, University of Newcastle - Alan Dyson, University of Manchester & Liz Todd, University of Newcastle with the Education Policy and Evaluation Unit, University of Brighton
http://www.dfes.gov.uk/research/data/uploadfiles/RB530.doc

Stoke-on-Trent Deprivation
Multiple Deprivation
Map 1: Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2004 Stoke-on-Trent

Income Domain
Map 2: Indices of Deprivation 2004 - Income Domain

Education, Skills and Training Domain
Map 5: Indices of Deprivation - Education, Skills and Training Domain

Income deprivation affecting children
Map 9: Supplementary Index - Income deprivation affecting children

Source of all maps: http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/council-and-democracy/statistics/index-of-deprivation/


Appendix Four - Travel to School distances

This proposal, unlike SERCO's, takes into account the unique geographic nature of Stoke on Trent with its linear rather than concentric nature.

Evidence shows that the average home to work distance for residents of Stoke on Trent is between 1 mile and 3 miles and figures in the 2001 Census show that 22.3% of people do not use their own vehicle to travel to work.

The Census figures also shows that 35,711 household out of a possible 103,197 households do not own a private vehicle (46,598 household own one car or van).

Evidence from Sue Dawson from North Staffs Passenger Transport Users Forum -Travelwatch West Midlands

Travel Patterns In Stoke On Trent

The City of Stoke on Trent consists of 6 towns but to locals it consists of 96 villages. Historically local people have not travelled far from their 'village' and their families, who have lived there for many generations. With limited time from working in the pottery and local heavy industry and low wages, still prevalent today, travel any distance was limited. When paid holidays came into being trains took people to Blackpool and Rhyl, a Sunday School trip might be to a local Park or nearby beauty spot and during Wakes Week each area would have local events to keep people entertained. Women shopped at their local shop, of which most streets had a corner shop, and markets, as shopping took place most days.

Although obviously things have moved forward, with locally low wages and people still mainly thinking parochially, travelling any distance, other than on holiday, is still not the lifestyle many Potteries people take up. There are still some corner shops and local markets so although locals have at times to go someway further they still tend to stay as near home as possible. Hampering travel is the fact that there are now fewer bus services and very few in the evening, train fares are too expensive for most 'ordinary' people and old habits die hard in the City. What about young people's attitudes to travel around the area? David Beckett, City Youth Services, reported to the Forum that young people are often still unaware of certain areas in the City; for example - young people in Trent Vale do not travel much further than Newcastle or Hanley and have little idea about areas in the North of the City. Older people are not keen to change the habits of a lifetime and other City residents have not got the background of much travelling around.

The situation in the City re. public transport has not always been conducive to encouraging residents to use local buses and trains. Obviously high rail fares and competitive bus services are a national Government issue but local people's views and concerns need to be recognised and taken on board if people are to be encouraged to use public transport both for local and regional travel. For example, many City residents do not have a car and yet already one local station, Etruria, has been closed; much house building has taken place in this area and now there is no station for residents to use, discouraging people to leave their cars at home. Hopefully this will not happen to Longport station, which is also in a Regeneration area.

As far as local bus services go some areas are better served than others - bus operators needing to collect many fares to make a service viable. Free bus travel for the disabled and older people has helped but better information re local services, publicity and encouragement to encourage people to use what is available and more modern and attractive vehicles for them to use would be a good start. If local bus time tables showed places of interest in the City and simple instructions on how to get there more local people as well as visitors would use the bus.

We have found that other obstacles to using local buses are - very few evening services (you may be able to get to the cinema but find there is no bus home) and Sunday services, Hanley bus station is a frightening place to wait for a bus after dark, many bus stops have no shelter or lighting or sometimes even no easy to read timetables and young people found that many bus drivers have an aggressive attitude towards them. Obviously more central funding for bus services, places of interest showing how to get there by bus in their literature, improved and modernised bus stations and Real Time Information at bus stops are some of the ways to help improve the situation.

Using the experience of local user groups such as ours and the North Staffs Rail Promotion Group would provide a source of obtaining the views, needs and concerns of local people and thus improve their quality of life'.

The provision of home to school transport is governed by the Education Act 1996 (in England and Wales, and similar legislation in Northern Ireland) which defines maximum walking distances of two miles for children under eight and three miles for older children up to the age of 16 to the nearest available school. Children who live more than these distances from their 'nearest suitable' school receive free transport. Those who live closer, or who choose to attend a different school, may not have a bus service available.

Travelling to School

How does your child travel to school?


Many of the problems highlighted by parents and carers are associated with the congestion found around schools at the start and end of the school day. Increased car use for the school journey now means that one in five cars on urban roads at 8.50am are taking children to school.

But increased use of cars can have damaging consequences. Children who are driven to school:
  • gain very few road safety and personal safety skills;
  • are less inclined to walk or cycle when they are older;
  • have reduced independence;
  • are denied the opportunity for regular exercise twice a day;
  • have a reduced amount of social interaction with their peers and carers; and
  • are subjected to more pollution than if they were walking at the side of a road.

How can you help improve the safety of children?

We receive many calls from concerned headteachers and parents about the perceived dangers outside schools at the beginning and end of the school day due to vehicle congestion outside the school entrance. Unfortunately, in many cases, parents are the root cause of the problem. Parents need to think carefully about their journey to school and consider the following:
  • Do you really need to drive your children to school?
  • If there is congestion near the entrance, park a little further away and walk.
  • Don't stop or park on SCHOOL - KEEP - CLEAR markings.
  • Don't park on the opposite side of the road to these markings.
  • Don't reverse your car into school entrances to turn around.
  • Don't double park outside schools.
  • Do park well away from school crossing patrols near schools.
Source: http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/education/schools-and-nurseries/transport/

School Travel Plans
A school travel plan is a document that sets out the long-term strategy for:
  • reducing car use on the journey to school;
  • enabling and encouraging pupils to walk, cycle or use public transport; and
  • making the journey safer, healthier and more pleasant for the whole school community.
Source: http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/category.jsp?categorylD=127693

Pupils previously attending Longton High school would have to travel a further 4.5 miles if they were to attend Birches Head, for example, instead if other more local schools were full. As Blythe Bridge is only 1.5 miles away it seems more likely that pupils would attend that High School.

The DfT published the report, Factors Leading to Increased School Journey Length in May 2003. Extracts from the report's conclusion showed:

Factors leading to an increase in distance travelled

1.18 Where increases were found, the study has been able to throw light on those factors and hypotheses that have had the largest effects on increasing distance.

These can be summarised as:
• 1) Increases in car ownership. The rising proportion of households with access to a car, but particularly the faster rising proportion of households with access to two or more household cars appears to have fuelled the use of cars for taking children to school. Although a shift of mode for the same journey will not increase distance travelled, once the decision has been made to take children to school by car the opportunity arises for schools to be chosen which are further away.
• 2) Patterns of women's working and childcare arrangements. Over the last ten years the proportion of women in employment, with the introduction of more flexible childcare arrangements to accommodate this trend, has influenced the choices that parents will make about where children go to school.
• 3) School's admission policies. Of the schools where an increase in distance was noted, nearly all were oversubscribed, and were thus using their admissions policies to select students. This finding should be surprising since most schools, once oversubscribed take students on the basis of a) whether they have a sibling in the school, b) whether they have other special requirements, and c) distance. Thus, although distance is not the main criteria it should mean that those schools that are oversubscribed should end up having shorter distances. This has not been clearly understood by this study, but possible explanations are:

Factors leading to increased school journey length
• If a school is oversubscribed it is likely either to be located in an area where there is a shortage of school places, or it is likely to be a popular school as seen by parents (for a wide range of reasons). If the second explanation is true, then it is likely to receive applications from parents across a wider area, hoping to get their children into this popular school
• During the process of a school becoming oversubscribed parents further away may get their elder children into the school, and subsequently younger children will gain 'sibling priority' when they are old enough.

Source:
http://pims.parliament.uk:81/PlMS/Static%20Files/Extended%20FJIe%20Scan%20Files/LIBR ARY OTHER PAPERS/STANDARD NOTE/snbt-02778.pdf

Social Exclusion Unit report: Making the Connections

The Social Exclusion Unit report, Making the Connections, published in February 2003, also recommended that LEAs should have greater freedom in the way they manage home to school transport. The report highlighted the relationship between education and the drive to increase participation and achievement in education. It noted the negative impact the current school transport arrangements can have on low-income families by restricting parental choice of school and access to learning outside school hours if transport is not available. The report said that the Government intended to introduce a number of measures to address this problem. These included encouraging LEAs to introduce pilot schemes to test wider free home-school transport entitlements, which could enable children to benefit from education in specialist or faith schools, or those offering alternative ways of learning through more flexible 14-19-year-old curriculum.

DETR, Increasing bus use for journeys to school - a guide to best practice within existing legislation, 2001:
http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_susttravel/documents/page/dft_susttravel_504056-03.hcsp
http://www.audit-commission.gov.uk/reports/NATIONAL-REPORT.asp?CategorylD=&Prod!D=F624E5F1-A7E4-419a-94BA-7DF2FC096CE2
http://www.socialexclusionunit.gov.uk/downloaddoc.asp?id=66